印度曼買(Bombay)11月26日晚發生的恐怖襲擊事件,至少奪去119人的性命,另外有至少288人受傷。恐怖分子針對孟買的豪華酒店、歷史悠久的火車站、猶太人中心年目標同時發動突擊隊式的襲擊,其中包括泰姬陵酒店(Taj Mahal Palace & Tower #)
據目擊者稱﹐襲擊者特別針對酒店裡的英美兩國的公民,其中在泰姬陵酒店內則有7-15名外國人被劫持為人質。
孟買頻頻成為恐怖襲擊的目標。1993年3月﹐13起爆炸造成257人喪生﹐700多人受傷。這些爆炸都是由一個有組織的犯罪團伙所策劃。2003年3月﹐孟買火車上的一起炸彈爆炸造成11人死亡。當年8月﹐孟買接連發生的兩起汽車炸彈爆炸事件造成至少52人喪生﹐150人受傷。印度官員指責位於巴基斯坦的恐怖分子發動了這些襲擊。2006年7月﹐孟買市郊鐵路不同地點發生的7起炸彈爆炸造成200人遇難。
而策動今次恐怖活動的襲擊者,相信是「激進回教組織」。而從一份無法獲得獨立證實的聲明中,「德干聖戰組織 (Deccan Mujahideen)」聲稱對孟買襲擊事件負責﹐並自稱來自印度南部城市海得拉巴(Hyderabad)。海得拉巴曾是世界上最大的穆斯林王國﹐於1948年被印度佔領。
雖然獨立的安全專家稱﹐襲擊者有可能從有相同想法的巴基斯坦激進分子那裡獲得了支持。但他們也強調﹐如此大規模的行動基本不可能沒有根基很深的印度當地組織的參與。印度共有1.50億穆斯林﹐在世界排名第三﹐僅次於印尼和巴基斯坦。
值得留意的是印度於1947年脫離英國管活後分裂為「印度」和「巴基斯坦」兩國家(印巴分治),分別聚居印度徒和回教徒(穆斯林),而當時大部分專業階層的回教徒都移居到了巴基斯坦。多年以來印度境內兩教教徒有不少大大小小的衝突,而目前回教徒在印度處於最貧困和最被歧視的階層,這亦增加雙方衝突的機會。
印度的回教徒在宗教暴力衝突中經常成為襲擊對象﹐他們在政府部門、大學和安全部門的就職機會嚴重偏少。在文化程度方面﹐印度回教徒甚至還不如該國一直以來最落後的達利人﹐這是印度教裡視為「不可接觸者」的一個種姓。
千百年以來印度教徒的「階級觀念」十分重,這與印度教的教條其中的「等級制度(Caste)」有莫大的關係。然而,不計等級制度這一項過時和固執的教條外,筆者是認同著重哲學辯思的印度教之其他優點,尤其是「因果報應」、「輪迴」、「與梵合一(天人合一)」等教義和「包容性」的態度。
有專家估計恐怖襲擊事件發生後未來兩至三個月的旅客數目會減少,但當人們對痛苦的記憶淡忘後,通常旅客數目一年後會不減反增。
2008年前10個月﹐到印度觀光的外國遊客有430萬人﹐較去年同期增長9.4%。2007年外國遊客人數逾500萬﹐較2006年同期增長了14.2%。
說句老實話,就算恐怖襲擊事件沒有發生,全球經濟大放緩亦足以影響前往印度的遊客人數。
可以肯定的是,印度當局會加強保安和情報收集的工作,同時亦會收緊反恐的法律。印度總理辛格週四在電視上講話﹐他承諾要防止類似襲擊再次發生。他表示﹐印度將成立一個新的聯邦調查機構並加強立法﹐以確保「不會給恐怖分子留下逃過法律制裁的漏洞」。
無論如何,對於一個相對上是和平和具包容度的國家來說,血腥的恐怖襲擊某程度上說是過份了,讓婆羅門的的眾神祇祝福祂們一直保佑的地方,讓恆河洗滌印度人的心靈傷口。
印度教簡介:
印度教是一個包羅萬象的綜合體,即是一種宗教,也是一種信仰和生活方式。印度教認為,人類靈魂永存和萬物有靈,並宣揚因果報應和人生輪迴。在該教看來,生命不是以生為始,以死告終,而是無窮無盡一系列生命之中的一個環節,每一段生命都是由前世的所為而限制和決定。一個人的善良行為能使他升天,邪惡行為則能令他墮為畜類。因此,個人必須通過修行和積累功德才能認知梵,與梵合一。「梵合同一」是印度教哲學理論的核心,更是印度教徒人生追求的最高目標。
社會等級制度(Caste):
儘管廢除了嚴格的社會等級制度,對特定的社會階層的從屬關係在印度教的組成中依然有着深遠的社會影響。等級制度的原則是,所有生物從出生之日起,根據任務,權力,責任和能力,嚴格地相互區分。
所有的等級又可以分成很多次等級(Jatis),因此一共有2000到3000個等級。儘管等級制度起源於印度教,但是其他宗教也接受並採納了等級劃分。甚至印度基督教中等級也很明顯。如今很多印度基督教堂里低等級的成員必須坐在後排。
印度簡介:
印度位於亞洲南部的印度次大陸,與孟加拉國、緬甸、中華人民共和國、不丹、尼泊爾和巴基斯坦等國家接壤,與斯里蘭卡和馬爾代夫等國隔海相望。印度和中華人民共和國、巴基斯坦有領土爭端,印度宣稱藏南地區是印度領土,並實際控制該地區,即阿魯納恰爾邦;按印度官方的觀點,阿富汗也是它的一個鄰國,因為現在被巴基斯坦控制的、與阿富汗相連的克什米爾北部地區也被印度政府認為是印度的領土;另外,印度宣稱中國大陸所控制的阿克塞欽地區為其領土。印度是南亞地區最大的國家,面積為3,287,590平方公里,實際控制面積為3,166,414平方公里,居世界第七位。
印度是世界上人口第二多的國家,擁有人口11.03億(2005年),僅次於中國。印度民族和種族眾多,號稱「民族博物館」,其中印度斯坦族占印度總人口的大約一半,是印度最大的民族。印度各個民族都擁有各自的語言,僅憲法承認的官方語言就有22種之多,其中印地語被定為國語,英語在印度非常流行,特別是在南印,地位甚至高於印地語。另外,印度也是一個多宗教的國家,世界上幾乎所有宗教都能在印度找到信眾,但大部分印度人信仰印度教,伊斯蘭教在印度也有大量信徒,近年來,印度的穆斯林人口排名上升至世界第三,前兩名分別為印尼與巴基斯坦。
印度是一個著名的文明古國,古印度人創造了光輝燦爛的古代文明,印度也是世界三大宗教之一——佛教的發源地。但是,近代印度陷於長期分裂和經濟落後狀態,被西方列強入侵,1856年,除少部分領土外,全境為英國殖民地,1947年獲得獨立,但分裂為印度和巴基斯坦兩個國家。
印度實行議會民主制,是世界上最大的民主國家。
印度經濟近年來發展迅速,但依然相對較為落後,按國民生產總值計算,印度是世界第12大經濟體,尚落後於人口遠少於自己的韓國,不過如果按購買力平價來計算,印度是全球第四大經濟體。由於人口眾多,按人均國民生產總值來計算,印度經濟依然處於相當落後的水平。
# 泰姬陵酒店:
有105年歴史的泰姬陵酒店是印度最具象徵意義的建築之一﹐由塔塔家族(Tata)興建﹐以抵制英國殖民者在孟買當時最好的Watson's 酒店實行的「白人至上」政策。泰姬陵酒店後來進行了擴建﹐在老酒店的旁邊又增加了一座現代化建築。該酒店由印度最大企業塔塔集團(Tata Group)旗下子公司Taj Hotels所有。
泰姬陵酒店開業於1903年﹐可以俯瞰阿拉伯海。這家酒店共有565間客房﹐還設有孟買一些最獨特﹐最昂貴的餐館以及深受歡迎的Insomnia夜總會。訪問印度的許多權貴名流都會在此停留。
投資哲學
投機、投資、或中短線交易,只要方法得當,則殊途同歸,並無對錯之分
投資的最高境界並非贏大錢,而是克服心魔
星期二, 11月 25, 2008
故事兩則
沒有不能改變的結局
有一王姓商人,他姑丈提醒他在十月會有大禍臨頭。
後來王某仗義救了一貧婦,貧婦夫妻當晚冒大雨來答謝,王某出門迎接,才一出門,所住的房間竟因不堪大雨突然倒塌,王某因此逃過大難。
------ 出自明‧陳良謨《見聞紀訓》
筆者的看法:
業力雖難違,但凡事又不一定全無轉機,不要低估一絲善念的力量。
業力的消耗
紀曉嵐有一姪兒和一僕人的兒子同一時間在同一大宅出生,分秒不差。紀曉嵐旁觀兩人的命運: 姪兒十六歲便夭亡了,僕人之子卻一直活得好端端。
後來紀曉嵐才醒悟,兩人的食祿其實是一樣,只不過姪兒是富家子,十六年來將榮華富貴享盡了;僕人之子做牛做馬,所以同份量的食祿卻仍未享用完。
------ 出自清‧紀曉嵐《閱微草堂筆記》
筆者的看法:
行善積德會為人積累各類的榮華富貴。但當一切正面業力耗盡後,難免打回原狀的結局。凡事量入為出、不過度借貸、養成儲蓄和審慎投資的習慣、吃飯七分飽、多運動、多幫助他人、行善積德,自然心身安泰。
所謂的命運可能是一生的開局,始終中後段發展格局,還看閣下的在世修為。
智者不昧因果,並生於當下。
欲知前世因,今生受者是; 欲知後世果,今生作者是。
有一王姓商人,他姑丈提醒他在十月會有大禍臨頭。
後來王某仗義救了一貧婦,貧婦夫妻當晚冒大雨來答謝,王某出門迎接,才一出門,所住的房間竟因不堪大雨突然倒塌,王某因此逃過大難。
------ 出自明‧陳良謨《見聞紀訓》
筆者的看法:
業力雖難違,但凡事又不一定全無轉機,不要低估一絲善念的力量。
業力的消耗
紀曉嵐有一姪兒和一僕人的兒子同一時間在同一大宅出生,分秒不差。紀曉嵐旁觀兩人的命運: 姪兒十六歲便夭亡了,僕人之子卻一直活得好端端。
後來紀曉嵐才醒悟,兩人的食祿其實是一樣,只不過姪兒是富家子,十六年來將榮華富貴享盡了;僕人之子做牛做馬,所以同份量的食祿卻仍未享用完。
------ 出自清‧紀曉嵐《閱微草堂筆記》
筆者的看法:
行善積德會為人積累各類的榮華富貴。但當一切正面業力耗盡後,難免打回原狀的結局。凡事量入為出、不過度借貸、養成儲蓄和審慎投資的習慣、吃飯七分飽、多運動、多幫助他人、行善積德,自然心身安泰。
所謂的命運可能是一生的開局,始終中後段發展格局,還看閣下的在世修為。
智者不昧因果,並生於當下。
欲知前世因,今生受者是; 欲知後世果,今生作者是。
星期一, 11月 24, 2008
渣打供股集資
長話短說,供股集資(每3股供1股; 供股價為HK$45.1/GBP 3.9)意味著渣打(2888)的管理層預期資金將會短缺,而同時間並無法從較低「融資成本(Funding Cost)」的融資途經入手。
一般來說,從融資成本低至高的次循來排列,銀行的融資途經有以下幾種:
1) 活期存款(Saving Deposit) / 中央銀行拆借 (Central Bank Financing)
2) 定期存款(Fixed Deposit)
3) 同業拆借 (Interbank Deposit)
4) 債券 (Senior / Subordinated Bond)
5) 優先股 (Preferred Stock)
6) 普通股 (Common Stock)
另一說法是供股集資是唯一方法去增強「Tier-1 Capital」,而以大折讓價進行是保證「萬無一失」的方案。然而,為何要不惜代價去增強「Tier-1 Capital」?
無論如何,有兩點可以肯定:
1) 渣打於新興市場的經營風險可能正在上升(參巧下面的官方聲明)
2) 以大折讓價進行供股集資(很高的融資成本)絕對不是明智的收購融資途經,因此可以排除集資收購的可能性
在聲明中,渣打指出新興市場的經濟風險正在增加中。面對環球金融風暴以及西方經濟的衰退,而這些新興地區亦不能夠置身事外。
「Economic growth within the key core markets of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is clearly slowing down largely as a consequence of the global financial crisis and the sharp economic slowdown in the West. However, although these economies are not immune to the challenges and uncertainties emerging from the global financial crisis, in general their economic and financial fundamentals are resilient and their near term economic growth rates appear likely to remain well above those of markets in the West.」
管理層亦指出供股集資的用途是增強資本狀況,尤其在不明朗的前景下。
「Following the Rights Issue, the Group will be in an even better position to weather the economic uncertainties and take advantage of the opportunities emerging from the current turmoil in financial services.」
「The Board is alert to the prospect of continuing volatility in the currency and financial markets and to the increased levels of economic uncertainty across all sectors and geographies.」
同時間渣打亦列出資本充足度等財務狀況,但須要注意全部數據為2008年10月前,亦即韓國和其他個別新興市場出現金融危機之前:
Loan-to-Deposit Ratio: 86% (30 Sep 08)
Tier 1 CAR: 8.50% (30 Jun 08)
Total CAR: 14.9% (30 Jun 08)
Reported NAV/share: HK$115
Tangible NAV/share: HK$75
為何要急於供股集資,而供股價(HK$45 / GBP 3.9)亦是比起停牌前渣打股價(HK$88.0 / GBP 7.60)折讓不細? 固中原因可能是於08年10月至今潛在的風險,或者是管理層預視以下風險:
1) 亞洲貨幣兌美元貶值,其中以南韓Won的幅度最大,影響收入
2) 經濟風險增加後導致壞帳上升
3) 金融風暴導致中間業務收入大減
4) 地區風險增加下,融資成本上升
雖然渣打表示08財年不會減股息,但09財年的股息是否能夠維持,則是有待觀察。
-------------------------------------------------------------
Standard Chartered Plans US$3 Billion Rights Offer
(Bloomberg 24 Nov 08)
Standard Chartered Plc, the third- biggest U.K. bank, plans to raise 1.8 billion pounds (US$2.7 billion) in a rights offer to bolster its finances as the global economic recession deepens.
The London-based bank is offering 30 new shares for 91 already held to existing shareholders at 390 pence each, or a 48.7 percent discount to the last closing price, according to a statement to Hong Kong's stock exchange today.
"The bank is taking a precautionary stance against a potentially much worsened economic scenario," said Wong Kwok Wai, a Hong Kong-based analyst at BOC International Holdings Ltd. "A rights offer is a better arrangement to strengthen their capital ahead of a potential slowdown. There's a dilutive effect, but in the long run it puts the bank in a better position."
Standard Chartered, which gets more than three-quarters of its profit in Asia, hasn't faced the funding pressures of other U.K. banks including HBOS Plc, which are relying on the government for cash in a bailout package worth 37 billion pounds (US$55 billion). Banks and brokerages worldwide have raised $830 billion since the subprime-mortgage market's collapse last year.
Standard Chartered declined 5.3 percent to HK$89 as of 12:30 p.m. in Hong Kong, compared with a 1.2 percent decline for the benchmark Hang Seng Index. The stock closed at 759 pence in London on Nov. 21.
Capital Strength
Temasek Holdings Pte, Singapore's state-owned investment company and the biggest shareholder in the bank with 18.8 percent, will take up its rights in the offer according to the statement.
Standard Chartered may need US$3.2 billion by year-end to lift its core Tier 1 ratio, a measure of capital strength, to 8 percent, from 6.1 percent, according to a Merrill Lynch & Co. report on Oct. 20. Capital-raising by banks in the U.K., Switzerland, and the U.S. are part of an "industrywide shift" toward higher capital levels for lenders, according to Merrill.
Standard Chartered has spent more than US$6.3 billion on purchases since the start of 2005 to expand in markets like Korea and Taiwan. The bank said earlier this month it will buy an Asian unit from JPMorgan Cazenove Ltd. to boost corporate banking services.
Standard Chartered said on Oct. 28 it has strong liquidity and is well capitalized with a "conservative" balance sheet, yet "it's clear that Asian economic growth is moderating."
The bank said last week it pushed back its hiring in Hong Kong, the biggest contributor to pretax income in the first half with a 25 percent share, as the city slipped into recession.
Standard Chartered has declined 59 percent in London trading in 2008, the second-best performer in the six-member FTSE 350 Banks Index, which is down 60 percent. The bank in August posted a 31 percent increase in first-half net income to US$1.79 billion, lifted by corporate lending in India and Hong Kong. The bank forecast "double-digit" growth in earnings per share this year.
一般來說,從融資成本低至高的次循來排列,銀行的融資途經有以下幾種:
1) 活期存款(Saving Deposit) / 中央銀行拆借 (Central Bank Financing)
2) 定期存款(Fixed Deposit)
3) 同業拆借 (Interbank Deposit)
4) 債券 (Senior / Subordinated Bond)
5) 優先股 (Preferred Stock)
6) 普通股 (Common Stock)
另一說法是供股集資是唯一方法去增強「Tier-1 Capital」,而以大折讓價進行是保證「萬無一失」的方案。然而,為何要不惜代價去增強「Tier-1 Capital」?
無論如何,有兩點可以肯定:
1) 渣打於新興市場的經營風險可能正在上升(參巧下面的官方聲明)
2) 以大折讓價進行供股集資(很高的融資成本)絕對不是明智的收購融資途經,因此可以排除集資收購的可能性
在聲明中,渣打指出新興市場的經濟風險正在增加中。面對環球金融風暴以及西方經濟的衰退,而這些新興地區亦不能夠置身事外。
「Economic growth within the key core markets of Asia, Africa and the Middle East is clearly slowing down largely as a consequence of the global financial crisis and the sharp economic slowdown in the West. However, although these economies are not immune to the challenges and uncertainties emerging from the global financial crisis, in general their economic and financial fundamentals are resilient and their near term economic growth rates appear likely to remain well above those of markets in the West.」
管理層亦指出供股集資的用途是增強資本狀況,尤其在不明朗的前景下。
「Following the Rights Issue, the Group will be in an even better position to weather the economic uncertainties and take advantage of the opportunities emerging from the current turmoil in financial services.」
「The Board is alert to the prospect of continuing volatility in the currency and financial markets and to the increased levels of economic uncertainty across all sectors and geographies.」
同時間渣打亦列出資本充足度等財務狀況,但須要注意全部數據為2008年10月前,亦即韓國和其他個別新興市場出現金融危機之前:
Loan-to-Deposit Ratio: 86% (30 Sep 08)
Tier 1 CAR: 8.50% (30 Jun 08)
Total CAR: 14.9% (30 Jun 08)
Reported NAV/share: HK$115
Tangible NAV/share: HK$75
為何要急於供股集資,而供股價(HK$45 / GBP 3.9)亦是比起停牌前渣打股價(HK$88.0 / GBP 7.60)折讓不細? 固中原因可能是於08年10月至今潛在的風險,或者是管理層預視以下風險:
1) 亞洲貨幣兌美元貶值,其中以南韓Won的幅度最大,影響收入
2) 經濟風險增加後導致壞帳上升
3) 金融風暴導致中間業務收入大減
4) 地區風險增加下,融資成本上升
雖然渣打表示08財年不會減股息,但09財年的股息是否能夠維持,則是有待觀察。
-------------------------------------------------------------
Standard Chartered Plans US$3 Billion Rights Offer
(Bloomberg 24 Nov 08)
Standard Chartered Plc, the third- biggest U.K. bank, plans to raise 1.8 billion pounds (US$2.7 billion) in a rights offer to bolster its finances as the global economic recession deepens.
The London-based bank is offering 30 new shares for 91 already held to existing shareholders at 390 pence each, or a 48.7 percent discount to the last closing price, according to a statement to Hong Kong's stock exchange today.
"The bank is taking a precautionary stance against a potentially much worsened economic scenario," said Wong Kwok Wai, a Hong Kong-based analyst at BOC International Holdings Ltd. "A rights offer is a better arrangement to strengthen their capital ahead of a potential slowdown. There's a dilutive effect, but in the long run it puts the bank in a better position."
Standard Chartered, which gets more than three-quarters of its profit in Asia, hasn't faced the funding pressures of other U.K. banks including HBOS Plc, which are relying on the government for cash in a bailout package worth 37 billion pounds (US$55 billion). Banks and brokerages worldwide have raised $830 billion since the subprime-mortgage market's collapse last year.
Standard Chartered declined 5.3 percent to HK$89 as of 12:30 p.m. in Hong Kong, compared with a 1.2 percent decline for the benchmark Hang Seng Index. The stock closed at 759 pence in London on Nov. 21.
Capital Strength
Temasek Holdings Pte, Singapore's state-owned investment company and the biggest shareholder in the bank with 18.8 percent, will take up its rights in the offer according to the statement.
Standard Chartered may need US$3.2 billion by year-end to lift its core Tier 1 ratio, a measure of capital strength, to 8 percent, from 6.1 percent, according to a Merrill Lynch & Co. report on Oct. 20. Capital-raising by banks in the U.K., Switzerland, and the U.S. are part of an "industrywide shift" toward higher capital levels for lenders, according to Merrill.
Standard Chartered has spent more than US$6.3 billion on purchases since the start of 2005 to expand in markets like Korea and Taiwan. The bank said earlier this month it will buy an Asian unit from JPMorgan Cazenove Ltd. to boost corporate banking services.
Standard Chartered said on Oct. 28 it has strong liquidity and is well capitalized with a "conservative" balance sheet, yet "it's clear that Asian economic growth is moderating."
The bank said last week it pushed back its hiring in Hong Kong, the biggest contributor to pretax income in the first half with a 25 percent share, as the city slipped into recession.
Standard Chartered has declined 59 percent in London trading in 2008, the second-best performer in the six-member FTSE 350 Banks Index, which is down 60 percent. The bank in August posted a 31 percent increase in first-half net income to US$1.79 billion, lifted by corporate lending in India and Hong Kong. The bank forecast "double-digit" growth in earnings per share this year.
這便是我認識的股市
- 股市逃不開空性,相依和變幻;週期猶如春夏秋冬,無一脫離自然定律
- 股價亦有虛之處,人們對前景的看法和心理(貪和恐懼),經濟和企業的基本面亦不斷在變化中
- 股價亦有實之處,很多時優質企業的基本面亦不像想像中那樣的波動,好公司亦會定期派息
- 長遠之道離不開「王道」。長遠而言,只有這些派息慷慨、審慎理財、管治優良、具競爭優勢、處於正面行業的企業,才能為股東增值(財息兼收)
- 耐性、想象力、公平心、思考、承擔、勇於犯錯和改過,可能是生存之道
- 物極必反,因果循環
不生不滅、不增不減,一切只是形相上的轉換。然而很多人太著重價錢的短期變化,而忘記背後重要的意義.....
- 股價亦有虛之處,人們對前景的看法和心理(貪和恐懼),經濟和企業的基本面亦不斷在變化中
- 股價亦有實之處,很多時優質企業的基本面亦不像想像中那樣的波動,好公司亦會定期派息
- 長遠之道離不開「王道」。長遠而言,只有這些派息慷慨、審慎理財、管治優良、具競爭優勢、處於正面行業的企業,才能為股東增值(財息兼收)
- 耐性、想象力、公平心、思考、承擔、勇於犯錯和改過,可能是生存之道
- 物極必反,因果循環
不生不滅、不增不減,一切只是形相上的轉換。然而很多人太著重價錢的短期變化,而忘記背後重要的意義.....
星期四, 11月 20, 2008
海盜的世界
近日東非索馬里(Somalia)的海盜劫持油輪事件,亦反映現代海盜活動已成為經濟和國際航運安全的問題。
索馬里海盜劫持油輪事件的大概是這樣的:
一艘噸位相當於三艘航空母艦的沙特阿拉伯超級油輪「天狼星號」在索馬裡海域遭到海盜劫持,該油輪裝載有價值1億美元的原油。
海盜通過西方媒體向沙特政府索取2500萬美元贖金,限期10日內交付(11月30日),否則將面臨「嚴重後果」。不過有沙特官員截聽到海盜想「最少要求1000萬美元贖金」。沙特公司目前正和海盜談判,力求降低贖金金額。
可能大家會有興趣知道為何各國對事件那麼緊張,其中主要原因是位於埃及(Egypt)附近的蘇伊士運河(Suez Canal)是貫通歐亞兩地的「海上通道」,而索馬里對出的「Gulf of Aden」是必經之路。然而,飽受貧窮和戰爭折磨的索馬里並無力維持海上的治安,因此索馬里亦成為海盜出沒的熱點。從航運的角度看,蘇伊士運河是歐亞海運的首選路線,若然不經此運河的話,便需要多花大約一星期的時間行走南非(South Africa)對出的好望角(Cape of Good Hope)路線,亦暗示額外的燃料成本和時間。
不講大家可能下知,東南亞的繁忙航運路線「馬六甲海峽 (Strait of Malacca)」是另一著名海盜出沒處,馬六甲海峽多年以來由星加坡、印尼和馬來西亞三國聯手負責海上反海盜行動 。
隨著經濟轉差,環球航運業亦隨之而滑落,不排除會有海員將會落海為盜(些船公司的人會做「內鬼」),同時間各國投放於「海防」的經費亦會減少,進一步令海盜活動「無王管」。
「National Geographic」有一期曾經探究馬六甲海峽的海盜問題,其中從在獄中的落網海盜得知固中手法:
1) 於一些三不管的地方收風、集資和班馬(註: 海員和海盜兩身份有時侯幾難分辨)
2) 買通船公司的「內鬼」刺探航班資料
3) 跟據內鬼的情報,再運用簡單的三角學算術,計算目標船隻的大約地點
4) 帶齊人馬乘坐中小型的海盜船的截擊目標
5) 以純熟的技術潛進船內快速制服船員......
有見及此,各國有責任維持海上航運的安全,不然的話海上貿易的風險和成本上升,則對大家都不好。
海盜的泠知識:
(待續)
------------------------------------------------------
Indian Navy Sinks Pirate Craft Off Aden
(FT; 20 Nov 08)
India has flexed its maritime muscles by destroying a pirate boat in the Gulf of Aden as part of an international effort to combat a rising tide of hijacks of merchant shipping.
An Indian frigate sunk a pirate vessel on Tuesday night after the pirates threatened to attack, the navy said yesterday. The encounter is the second this month in which Indian forces have repulsed such threats in the area.
The development comes as the rising incidence of piracy off Somalia begins to affect shipping costs for exporters and insurance for shipowners.
Taiwan's TMT, a big operator of dry bulk ships and tankers, yesterday became the latest shipping company to say it was considering avoiding the Gulf of Aden and taking goods bound for Europe and the US around the Cape of Good Hope instead.
India is fast emerging as a maritime nation. Deployment in the Gulf of Aden extends its navy's reach across the Indian Ocean, whose sea lanes are crucial to trade for one of the world's fastest growing economies.
One of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping missions, India is modernising its armed forces. It plans to add aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines to its fleet.
Piracy
(FT LEX: 18 Nov 08)
Julius Caesar took an unorthodox attitude towards piracy. Captured
in 75BC, he argued his ransom was insultingly low. His captors hit the jackpot – otherwise known as 50 talents back then – but paid for it with their lives, according to Plutarch. Today's bands of pirates plaguing the Gulf of Aden are also driven by the lure of ransom money. So far, they have largely gotten away with it, but the latest outrage – the hijacking of a vast oil tanker – will surely galvanise the international community into further action.
The costs of piracy quickly add up. There is the human cost as crew members are taken hostage. An estimated US$100m has already been paid in ransoms this year. There is also a growing economic cost. Most obviously insurance rates will go up, and with that surcharges on ships that use the Gulf of Aden en route to the Suez Canal, which accounts for about 10 per cent of world trade. The greater economic impact, though, will come from ships opting for the longer route around the Cape of Good Hope, adding days or even weeks to a ship's journey. Yet this is no guarantee of safety by itself: the capture of the super-tanker happened on just this route
索馬里海盜劫持油輪事件的大概是這樣的:
一艘噸位相當於三艘航空母艦的沙特阿拉伯超級油輪「天狼星號」在索馬裡海域遭到海盜劫持,該油輪裝載有價值1億美元的原油。
海盜通過西方媒體向沙特政府索取2500萬美元贖金,限期10日內交付(11月30日),否則將面臨「嚴重後果」。不過有沙特官員截聽到海盜想「最少要求1000萬美元贖金」。沙特公司目前正和海盜談判,力求降低贖金金額。
可能大家會有興趣知道為何各國對事件那麼緊張,其中主要原因是位於埃及(Egypt)附近的蘇伊士運河(Suez Canal)是貫通歐亞兩地的「海上通道」,而索馬里對出的「Gulf of Aden」是必經之路。然而,飽受貧窮和戰爭折磨的索馬里並無力維持海上的治安,因此索馬里亦成為海盜出沒的熱點。從航運的角度看,蘇伊士運河是歐亞海運的首選路線,若然不經此運河的話,便需要多花大約一星期的時間行走南非(South Africa)對出的好望角(Cape of Good Hope)路線,亦暗示額外的燃料成本和時間。
不講大家可能下知,東南亞的繁忙航運路線「馬六甲海峽 (Strait of Malacca)」是另一著名海盜出沒處,馬六甲海峽多年以來由星加坡、印尼和馬來西亞三國聯手負責海上反海盜行動 。
隨著經濟轉差,環球航運業亦隨之而滑落,不排除會有海員將會落海為盜(些船公司的人會做「內鬼」),同時間各國投放於「海防」的經費亦會減少,進一步令海盜活動「無王管」。
「National Geographic」有一期曾經探究馬六甲海峽的海盜問題,其中從在獄中的落網海盜得知固中手法:
1) 於一些三不管的地方收風、集資和班馬(註: 海員和海盜兩身份有時侯幾難分辨)
2) 買通船公司的「內鬼」刺探航班資料
3) 跟據內鬼的情報,再運用簡單的三角學算術,計算目標船隻的大約地點
4) 帶齊人馬乘坐中小型的海盜船的截擊目標
5) 以純熟的技術潛進船內快速制服船員......
有見及此,各國有責任維持海上航運的安全,不然的話海上貿易的風險和成本上升,則對大家都不好。
海盜的泠知識:
(待續)
------------------------------------------------------
Indian Navy Sinks Pirate Craft Off Aden
(FT; 20 Nov 08)
India has flexed its maritime muscles by destroying a pirate boat in the Gulf of Aden as part of an international effort to combat a rising tide of hijacks of merchant shipping.
An Indian frigate sunk a pirate vessel on Tuesday night after the pirates threatened to attack, the navy said yesterday. The encounter is the second this month in which Indian forces have repulsed such threats in the area.
The development comes as the rising incidence of piracy off Somalia begins to affect shipping costs for exporters and insurance for shipowners.
Taiwan's TMT, a big operator of dry bulk ships and tankers, yesterday became the latest shipping company to say it was considering avoiding the Gulf of Aden and taking goods bound for Europe and the US around the Cape of Good Hope instead.
India is fast emerging as a maritime nation. Deployment in the Gulf of Aden extends its navy's reach across the Indian Ocean, whose sea lanes are crucial to trade for one of the world's fastest growing economies.
One of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping missions, India is modernising its armed forces. It plans to add aircraft carriers and nuclear submarines to its fleet.
Piracy
(FT LEX: 18 Nov 08)
Julius Caesar took an unorthodox attitude towards piracy. Captured
in 75BC, he argued his ransom was insultingly low. His captors hit the jackpot – otherwise known as 50 talents back then – but paid for it with their lives, according to Plutarch. Today's bands of pirates plaguing the Gulf of Aden are also driven by the lure of ransom money. So far, they have largely gotten away with it, but the latest outrage – the hijacking of a vast oil tanker – will surely galvanise the international community into further action.
The costs of piracy quickly add up. There is the human cost as crew members are taken hostage. An estimated US$100m has already been paid in ransoms this year. There is also a growing economic cost. Most obviously insurance rates will go up, and with that surcharges on ships that use the Gulf of Aden en route to the Suez Canal, which accounts for about 10 per cent of world trade. The greater economic impact, though, will come from ships opting for the longer route around the Cape of Good Hope, adding days or even weeks to a ship's journey. Yet this is no guarantee of safety by itself: the capture of the super-tanker happened on just this route
星期二, 11月 18, 2008
老夫子的精神
Seaons在留言版中指出希望可以在這個社會中尋回昔日那份道義、承擔及風骨,第一時間筆者想起王澤所塑造的「老夫子」。
在老夫子的世界內,我們不難找到那份應有的「正義感」和「公德心」。漫畫中的主人翁不向惡力低頭的精神,管他是「牛鬼蛇神」,違返道德人性公義之事,老夫子一定「唔俾面」。
「鼠輩」、「死飛仔」和「人妖」在王澤的世界是沒有好下場,若然是無道的話,鬼魂妖怪亦不得逞惡。「偽善」和「虛偽」之行,永遠不能逃過「老夫子」的法眼。
淑女是受人尊重愛戴,相反脾氣壞和目中無人的女人總是被「作弄」的對象 (好女人要錫,惡女要受一點教訓,合理嗎??)。
同時間,王澤亦是一名「大細路」,天馬行空的作品數不勝數(例子: 影子有生命、奇怪的夢境與現實相連、神仙下凡),就像永遠不會長老一般。
不論閣下喜歡與否,「老夫子」多年來一直陪伴著香港人的成長,至少這是一本很值得閱讀的「精神食糧」。
筆者找到幾篇老夫子的漫畫,各位亦可於下面的網址內找回數以百計的「經典之作」,保證百看不厭。
(http://www.oldmasterq.com)
在老夫子的世界內,我們不難找到那份應有的「正義感」和「公德心」。漫畫中的主人翁不向惡力低頭的精神,管他是「牛鬼蛇神」,違返道德人性公義之事,老夫子一定「唔俾面」。
「鼠輩」、「死飛仔」和「人妖」在王澤的世界是沒有好下場,若然是無道的話,鬼魂妖怪亦不得逞惡。「偽善」和「虛偽」之行,永遠不能逃過「老夫子」的法眼。
淑女是受人尊重愛戴,相反脾氣壞和目中無人的女人總是被「作弄」的對象 (好女人要錫,惡女要受一點教訓,合理嗎??)。
同時間,王澤亦是一名「大細路」,天馬行空的作品數不勝數(例子: 影子有生命、奇怪的夢境與現實相連、神仙下凡),就像永遠不會長老一般。
不論閣下喜歡與否,「老夫子」多年來一直陪伴著香港人的成長,至少這是一本很值得閱讀的「精神食糧」。
筆者找到幾篇老夫子的漫畫,各位亦可於下面的網址內找回數以百計的「經典之作」,保證百看不厭。
(http://www.oldmasterq.com)
星期一, 11月 17, 2008
天理循環
「Cup Sir」講開「陰陽」,筆者不自量力寫番一篇,同時藉此「中和」一下前文的陰氣。
天地有陰陽兩極,陰陽相調,本是最自然的事,男女成家立室,亦是乎合大自然的定律。本身陰(Yin)/陽(Yang)是自然的兩極屬性,沒有好壞之別。然而,一些陰陽怪氣的意識能量則有點兒非自然,非男非女,古時宮廷太監多屬此類,而歷史中多數太監為害多於有利社會(少數有功德的例子可能是鄭和)。
陰陽怪氣不只局限於性別的取向,廣泛的定義擴大至「個人風骨」、「正義感」、「責任感」、「氣度」等因素。正常男女的言行舉止會乎合自己的屬性。相反,陰陽怪氣之士的舉動會搞到別人「毛管動」或對其予以「鄙視」,不少更以「小人之道」動亂公安,唯恐天下不亂。
若然社會積累太多的陰陽怪氣,將會等同妖怪(披著衣冠)當道,亡國之日不遠矣。君不見歷史不少朝代的敗亡都是離不開宦官之患,例子有秦、東漢、唐、明等等。
然而,天理循環,因果自有報業,因此長遠來說孤魂野鬼逃不開輪迴、妖人逃不開天網恢恢。甚麼旁門左道大路小路都是令人受苦,唯有多行善走正道才能今人修成正果。
「善有善報,惡有惡報,不是不報,只是時辰未到」
天地有陰陽兩極,陰陽相調,本是最自然的事,男女成家立室,亦是乎合大自然的定律。本身陰(Yin)/陽(Yang)是自然的兩極屬性,沒有好壞之別。然而,一些陰陽怪氣的意識能量則有點兒非自然,非男非女,古時宮廷太監多屬此類,而歷史中多數太監為害多於有利社會(少數有功德的例子可能是鄭和)。
陰陽怪氣不只局限於性別的取向,廣泛的定義擴大至「個人風骨」、「正義感」、「責任感」、「氣度」等因素。正常男女的言行舉止會乎合自己的屬性。相反,陰陽怪氣之士的舉動會搞到別人「毛管動」或對其予以「鄙視」,不少更以「小人之道」動亂公安,唯恐天下不亂。
若然社會積累太多的陰陽怪氣,將會等同妖怪(披著衣冠)當道,亡國之日不遠矣。君不見歷史不少朝代的敗亡都是離不開宦官之患,例子有秦、東漢、唐、明等等。
然而,天理循環,因果自有報業,因此長遠來說孤魂野鬼逃不開輪迴、妖人逃不開天網恢恢。甚麼旁門左道大路小路都是令人受苦,唯有多行善走正道才能今人修成正果。
「善有善報,惡有惡報,不是不報,只是時辰未到」
星期四, 11月 13, 2008
下一代的英文能力
想像一下,如果閣下的子女(或者是未來的兒女)的知識是從所謂的「補習社天皇」或「天后」學回來的,就算是「4 As」,可能亦只是一部性能良好的「考試機器」。看過下面「You Tube」內所謂的「4 As」高材生後,這樣的英文真是「冇眼睇」。
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=24oQ5d373NA)
呢位「熊貓眼」還要厲害,搞埋「英語創新讀法」,口音「奇異化」。筆者以為他在談論甚麼新牌子的「Vodka (伏特加)」,原來是「Be In Vogue」。
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=44-f4PrmOqo&feature=related)
奉良知喻,各位年青人要小心選擇學英文的途徑!
每日養成閱讀「SCMP」,不單止可以學習正確的英語字眼和句子的用法,有助提升閱讀和書寫英文的能力,最重要的是能學習以「較為中肯和理性的心態」閱讀和分析中港海外所發生的事情。
甚麼是重要的新聞? 翻開「SCMP」、「The Standard」、「Wall Street Journal」、「Financial Times」、「USA Today (若然對美國新聞有興趣的話)」的頭版看便一目了然,但一定不是「生果」和「方向」等中文報紙所刊登的「先入為主式批判性文章」。
叻仔叻女不少可能早於中四開始訂閱「Time」等英文雜誌,可以進一步提升英文能力以及擴闊國際視野。有閒的話不妨到訪一些有質素的英文資訊性網站,例子如「BBC」、「CNBC」等等。
不閱讀、不思考、不細心觀察身邊事、少活動體驗、欠缺正常的社交活動(與不同的人談話交流)的話,很難寫出好文章(難道於公開考試內給評卷員分享PSP過關的歷程??)
若然不想練成「熊貓眼」或「Mud Sir」的英文「Oral」,可以點樣?
方法一是收看英文台「Pearl」或者「World」,習慣一下正統的發音。想親自和「老外」談英語,可以走去「British Council」上堂。
欲成為國際大都會,香港人的英文能力是其中一個主要條件。亳無疑問,「母語教學」已經削弱了年青人的英語溝通,正當越來越多國內同胞開始懂英語和了解海外的事情的時候,香港人是否應該想一想如何保持自己的國際競爭優勢??
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=24oQ5d373NA)
呢位「熊貓眼」還要厲害,搞埋「英語創新讀法」,口音「奇異化」。筆者以為他在談論甚麼新牌子的「Vodka (伏特加)」,原來是「Be In Vogue」。
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=44-f4PrmOqo&feature=related)
奉良知喻,各位年青人要小心選擇學英文的途徑!
每日養成閱讀「SCMP」,不單止可以學習正確的英語字眼和句子的用法,有助提升閱讀和書寫英文的能力,最重要的是能學習以「較為中肯和理性的心態」閱讀和分析中港海外所發生的事情。
甚麼是重要的新聞? 翻開「SCMP」、「The Standard」、「Wall Street Journal」、「Financial Times」、「USA Today (若然對美國新聞有興趣的話)」的頭版看便一目了然,但一定不是「生果」和「方向」等中文報紙所刊登的「先入為主式批判性文章」。
叻仔叻女不少可能早於中四開始訂閱「Time」等英文雜誌,可以進一步提升英文能力以及擴闊國際視野。有閒的話不妨到訪一些有質素的英文資訊性網站,例子如「BBC」、「CNBC」等等。
不閱讀、不思考、不細心觀察身邊事、少活動體驗、欠缺正常的社交活動(與不同的人談話交流)的話,很難寫出好文章(難道於公開考試內給評卷員分享PSP過關的歷程??)
若然不想練成「熊貓眼」或「Mud Sir」的英文「Oral」,可以點樣?
方法一是收看英文台「Pearl」或者「World」,習慣一下正統的發音。想親自和「老外」談英語,可以走去「British Council」上堂。
欲成為國際大都會,香港人的英文能力是其中一個主要條件。亳無疑問,「母語教學」已經削弱了年青人的英語溝通,正當越來越多國內同胞開始懂英語和了解海外的事情的時候,香港人是否應該想一想如何保持自己的國際競爭優勢??
星期二, 11月 11, 2008
無謂大驚小怪
忍不住又要大笑一餐,某中文報紙指出利豐將會裁減最少六十名採購員,並在大部分地區凍結人手招聘,因此輕率地作出結論,指出「百年寶號」來年的生意「不行」。
同時間亦有人以「土法分析」指出利豐的現金流十分虛弱,更指出「Operating Cash Flow」不足夠去應付「Investing Cash Flow」。
另外,最常聽到的是利豐有大約60%的生意來自美國,因此美國經濟放緩的結果是會終止其盈利增長,甚至有說利豐2009年會錄得盈利倒退。
上述邏輯聽下去很像十分合理,尤其是正當我們不難發現不少中少型製造和出口商近月倒閉,似乎避「豐」則吉,對吧?
各位又有沒有聽過「Garbage In, Garbage Out」一道理? 錯誤的資訊輸入最後只會推論出錯誤的道理(管它固中分析是怎樣仔細),通常此話不會錯得去邊。
首先,不明白利豐之「Business Model」的話,不妨花一點時間了解一下,坊間有相關書籍。除此,最好還是了解一下「Supply Chain Management」、「Flat world」、「Globalization」、「Soft 3 Dollars」、「Outsourcing」等議題。
若然還是感到難以理解的話,相信閣不還未看懂利豐的營商之道,更遑論其「競爭優勢」。對於這類朋友,筆者會建議閣下還是不沾手利豐股票為妙。
「一知半解」之士在發表「偉論」之前,還請「三思」,以免誤導眾生。坊間有大把更易懂的上市公司等著您們去「抽水」,何必「自暴其短」呢?
簡單一點說,利豐的角式是「供應鏈管理者(Supply-Chain Manager)」,另一說法是「Supply-Chain」上各單位和流程的協調者(Co-ordinator)。考慮涉及「Matrix」的「Complexity」,看怕不是容易被對手或新手複製,更遑論「做得出眾」。
利豐的角式:
1) 這是供應(價值)鏈之間的競爭
2) 由客戶下單、生產策劃、生產過程、生產管理、直至貨物運抵客戶手上,可能不超過兩至三個星期,亦是「Delivery Time」的縮短。
3) 另外,供應鏈極具彈性。一件產品會被進一步分拆為不同部件,而每項部件將於全球最合適的地方生產。因此,協調和供應鏈管理的能力是十分重要的。
4) 由於供應鏈的彈性和縮短的「Delivery Time」,客戶可以按「End Market」的經濟情況而向供應鏈管理者下不同的單,例如從「Consumer Discretionary (high-end products)」和「Consumer Staples (Mid-to-low end products)」之間互相轉換。
5) (4)亦說明供應鏈管理者不會沒有生意,即使「End Market」的經濟環境轉差,只要歐洲和美國人仍要消費。
6) 供應鏈管理者的增值點是協助客戶減省成本,「Direct Production Cost」可以減省的不多,反而「Soft 3 Dollars」中能減省的空間不細。若然一件產品的「Total Cost」為$4,$1是「Direct Production Cost」,而$3是涉及運輸、存貨、行政和稅務等「Soft 3 Dollars」。
7) 供應鏈管理者不會擁有任何工廠(即使工廠網絡跨越亞洲、東歐和南美諸國),而是協調人的角色。
8) (7)亦暗示供應鏈管理者是「Asset Light Enterprise」,並不需要每年投入巨大的「CapEx」。
回應坊間對利豐的一些看法:
1) 近日的裁員針對低增值(學歷相對不高)員工,他們亦很有可能由國內同胞替代。這不感奇怪,利豐是一家「知識型」的國際企業。同時間其他優質的國際企業(例如 HSBC、Goldman Sachs)近日來亦有裁員計劃。
沒有人是會喜歡裁員的消息,但這亦同時反映市場經濟「汰弱留強」的現實。於經濟放緩之際各大傳媒針對企業的裁員行動是可以理解,但這並不完全合乎情理和現實情況。長遠之策是改革教育制度和落實有利企業發展的措施,以提高中長遠香港的競爭力。
2) (1)的另一代名詞是「Offshoring」,而今次是「Service Offshoring」,可能包括「Merchandizing」及「Accounting」等工作。這亦暗示未來利豐的「EBIT Margin」有不俗的上升空間(正如三年計劃一樣)
Offshoring describes the relocation by a company of a business process from one country to another -- typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or a supporting processes, such as accounting.
The term is in use in several distinct but closely related ways. It is sometimes used broadly to include substitution of a service from any foreign source for a service formerly produced internally to the firm. In other cases, only imported services from subsidiaries or other closely related suppliers are included. A further complication is that intermediate goods, such as partially completed computers, are not consistently included in the scope of the term.
Offshoring can be seen in the context of either production offshoring or services offshoring. After its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the People's Republic of China emerged as a prominent destination for production offshoring. After technical progress in telecommunications improved the possibilities of trade in services, India became a country leading in this domain though many parts of the world are now emerging as offshore destinations.
The economic logic is to reduce costs. If some people can use some of their skills more cheaply than others, those people have the comparative advantage. The idea is that countries should freely trade the items that cost the least for them to produce.
3) 美國歐洲仍要消費,只是形式改變,利豐的商機有增無減,了解一下利豐的「Business Model」及「History」便知固中一二。唔明? 了解一下海外大型零售商或品牌持有者為何要同利豐做生意?當然是為了「以較短時間以較低成本獲得較高質素的消費產品(例子: 衫、褲、玩具、精品、化妝品)」,更重要的是隨著消費模式的變化而及早轉換訂單。
4) 2007年「Investing Cash Flow」達HK$5B,或遠高於HK$2.5B的「Operating Cash Flow」,聽落係咪好驚呢,小朋友? 咪往! 07年「CapEx」不足HK$300M,那麽錢花在甚麽地方?
唔駛亂估,答案是收購(Merger & Acquisition)。07年利豐收購同業的成本大約為HK$6B,其中最大的為「Tommy Hilfiger Sourcing」,作價是8倍P/E左右。別忘記20年來利豐是併購和整合的高手中的高手,其章法可能比匯控還要高明。
5) 「Service Offshoring to China & other Emerging Market」以及商品價格大瀉下,2009年「EBIT Margin」的前景不俗。
6) 經濟轉弱對利豐的機遇當然是更多訂單,西方零售商要依靠「Outsourcing」來減低成本和縮短供貨時間(Lead-Time)。還未給您們算入「M&A」對營業額和盈利的增值。
7) 2008、2009以及2010年的營業額、盈利、現金流和股息當然有很大機會繼續向上,管它的,有「Sustainable Dividend Growth」還要害怕甚麽? 08年好似至少有6厘.....
坊間三四流分析,還是一笑置之吧!
亂世之時,妖魔鼠輩四處皆見,唯有清明之心才能看破一切「似是而非」的鬼話。
智者不惑,勇者不懼、仁者不誤眾生。
閒時多作進修、多思考、明道理而多作反覆驗證,最重要的還是要學以置用。正所謂「大學之道」在「明德格物」.........
註: 大學之道:
大學之道,在明明德,在親民,在止於至善。知止而后有定,定而后能靜,靜而后能安,安而后能慮,慮而后能得。物有本末,事有終始,知所先後,則近道矣。
古之欲明明德於天下者,先治其國;欲治其國者,先齊其家;欲齊其家者,先脩其身;欲脩其身者,先正其心;欲正其心者,先誠其意;欲誠其意者,先致其知;致知在格物。物格而后知至,知至而后意誠,意誠而后心正,心正而后身脩,身脩而后家齊,家齊而后國治,國治而后天下平。
同時間亦有人以「土法分析」指出利豐的現金流十分虛弱,更指出「Operating Cash Flow」不足夠去應付「Investing Cash Flow」。
另外,最常聽到的是利豐有大約60%的生意來自美國,因此美國經濟放緩的結果是會終止其盈利增長,甚至有說利豐2009年會錄得盈利倒退。
上述邏輯聽下去很像十分合理,尤其是正當我們不難發現不少中少型製造和出口商近月倒閉,似乎避「豐」則吉,對吧?
各位又有沒有聽過「Garbage In, Garbage Out」一道理? 錯誤的資訊輸入最後只會推論出錯誤的道理(管它固中分析是怎樣仔細),通常此話不會錯得去邊。
首先,不明白利豐之「Business Model」的話,不妨花一點時間了解一下,坊間有相關書籍。除此,最好還是了解一下「Supply Chain Management」、「Flat world」、「Globalization」、「Soft 3 Dollars」、「Outsourcing」等議題。
若然還是感到難以理解的話,相信閣不還未看懂利豐的營商之道,更遑論其「競爭優勢」。對於這類朋友,筆者會建議閣下還是不沾手利豐股票為妙。
「一知半解」之士在發表「偉論」之前,還請「三思」,以免誤導眾生。坊間有大把更易懂的上市公司等著您們去「抽水」,何必「自暴其短」呢?
簡單一點說,利豐的角式是「供應鏈管理者(Supply-Chain Manager)」,另一說法是「Supply-Chain」上各單位和流程的協調者(Co-ordinator)。考慮涉及「Matrix」的「Complexity」,看怕不是容易被對手或新手複製,更遑論「做得出眾」。
利豐的角式:
1) 這是供應(價值)鏈之間的競爭
2) 由客戶下單、生產策劃、生產過程、生產管理、直至貨物運抵客戶手上,可能不超過兩至三個星期,亦是「Delivery Time」的縮短。
3) 另外,供應鏈極具彈性。一件產品會被進一步分拆為不同部件,而每項部件將於全球最合適的地方生產。因此,協調和供應鏈管理的能力是十分重要的。
4) 由於供應鏈的彈性和縮短的「Delivery Time」,客戶可以按「End Market」的經濟情況而向供應鏈管理者下不同的單,例如從「Consumer Discretionary (high-end products)」和「Consumer Staples (Mid-to-low end products)」之間互相轉換。
5) (4)亦說明供應鏈管理者不會沒有生意,即使「End Market」的經濟環境轉差,只要歐洲和美國人仍要消費。
6) 供應鏈管理者的增值點是協助客戶減省成本,「Direct Production Cost」可以減省的不多,反而「Soft 3 Dollars」中能減省的空間不細。若然一件產品的「Total Cost」為$4,$1是「Direct Production Cost」,而$3是涉及運輸、存貨、行政和稅務等「Soft 3 Dollars」。
7) 供應鏈管理者不會擁有任何工廠(即使工廠網絡跨越亞洲、東歐和南美諸國),而是協調人的角色。
8) (7)亦暗示供應鏈管理者是「Asset Light Enterprise」,並不需要每年投入巨大的「CapEx」。
回應坊間對利豐的一些看法:
1) 近日的裁員針對低增值(學歷相對不高)員工,他們亦很有可能由國內同胞替代。這不感奇怪,利豐是一家「知識型」的國際企業。同時間其他優質的國際企業(例如 HSBC、Goldman Sachs)近日來亦有裁員計劃。
沒有人是會喜歡裁員的消息,但這亦同時反映市場經濟「汰弱留強」的現實。於經濟放緩之際各大傳媒針對企業的裁員行動是可以理解,但這並不完全合乎情理和現實情況。長遠之策是改革教育制度和落實有利企業發展的措施,以提高中長遠香港的競爭力。
2) (1)的另一代名詞是「Offshoring」,而今次是「Service Offshoring」,可能包括「Merchandizing」及「Accounting」等工作。這亦暗示未來利豐的「EBIT Margin」有不俗的上升空間(正如三年計劃一樣)
Offshoring describes the relocation by a company of a business process from one country to another -- typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or a supporting processes, such as accounting.
The term is in use in several distinct but closely related ways. It is sometimes used broadly to include substitution of a service from any foreign source for a service formerly produced internally to the firm. In other cases, only imported services from subsidiaries or other closely related suppliers are included. A further complication is that intermediate goods, such as partially completed computers, are not consistently included in the scope of the term.
Offshoring can be seen in the context of either production offshoring or services offshoring. After its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the People's Republic of China emerged as a prominent destination for production offshoring. After technical progress in telecommunications improved the possibilities of trade in services, India became a country leading in this domain though many parts of the world are now emerging as offshore destinations.
The economic logic is to reduce costs. If some people can use some of their skills more cheaply than others, those people have the comparative advantage. The idea is that countries should freely trade the items that cost the least for them to produce.
3) 美國歐洲仍要消費,只是形式改變,利豐的商機有增無減,了解一下利豐的「Business Model」及「History」便知固中一二。唔明? 了解一下海外大型零售商或品牌持有者為何要同利豐做生意?當然是為了「以較短時間以較低成本獲得較高質素的消費產品(例子: 衫、褲、玩具、精品、化妝品)」,更重要的是隨著消費模式的變化而及早轉換訂單。
4) 2007年「Investing Cash Flow」達HK$5B,或遠高於HK$2.5B的「Operating Cash Flow」,聽落係咪好驚呢,小朋友? 咪往! 07年「CapEx」不足HK$300M,那麽錢花在甚麽地方?
唔駛亂估,答案是收購(Merger & Acquisition)。07年利豐收購同業的成本大約為HK$6B,其中最大的為「Tommy Hilfiger Sourcing」,作價是8倍P/E左右。別忘記20年來利豐是併購和整合的高手中的高手,其章法可能比匯控還要高明。
5) 「Service Offshoring to China & other Emerging Market」以及商品價格大瀉下,2009年「EBIT Margin」的前景不俗。
6) 經濟轉弱對利豐的機遇當然是更多訂單,西方零售商要依靠「Outsourcing」來減低成本和縮短供貨時間(Lead-Time)。還未給您們算入「M&A」對營業額和盈利的增值。
7) 2008、2009以及2010年的營業額、盈利、現金流和股息當然有很大機會繼續向上,管它的,有「Sustainable Dividend Growth」還要害怕甚麽? 08年好似至少有6厘.....
坊間三四流分析,還是一笑置之吧!
亂世之時,妖魔鼠輩四處皆見,唯有清明之心才能看破一切「似是而非」的鬼話。
智者不惑,勇者不懼、仁者不誤眾生。
閒時多作進修、多思考、明道理而多作反覆驗證,最重要的還是要學以置用。正所謂「大學之道」在「明德格物」.........
註: 大學之道:
大學之道,在明明德,在親民,在止於至善。知止而后有定,定而后能靜,靜而后能安,安而后能慮,慮而后能得。物有本末,事有終始,知所先後,則近道矣。
古之欲明明德於天下者,先治其國;欲治其國者,先齊其家;欲齊其家者,先脩其身;欲脩其身者,先正其心;欲正其心者,先誠其意;欲誠其意者,先致其知;致知在格物。物格而后知至,知至而后意誠,意誠而后心正,心正而后身脩,身脩而后家齊,家齊而后國治,國治而后天下平。
星期五, 11月 07, 2008
審慎的作風依然不變
國泰(293)昨晚再次股出盈警,其中原因主要是:
1) 受經濟轉壞影響,頭等和商務訂位的下降,以及近月貨運量按年下跌
2) 兩岸三通所帶來的潛在營業額下降
3) 燃油成本對沖虧蝕,按市價計(MTM)截至10月31日的對沖虧蝕達HK$2,800M。
頭兩項不是甚麼新聞,市場若然不是已經「計晒數」就是「計凸數」。有趣的當然是第三項,各位未被各大財經傳媒的頭條「駭壞」之前,最好還是了解一下其中的「來龍去脈」。
假設甚麼也不懂,只要明白「對沖(Hedge)」的意思就行,對沖是審慎的風險管理,而非高風險的投機。
以石油市場為例,投機者(Speculation)可能買入「Call Option」或者是「Long Futures」來進行看好油價的投機。
與前者不同,大量使用燃油的航空公司只會擔心油價上升的風險,因此會進行期權對沖(Ooption Hedge)來減低成本風險。
估計國泰於7月31日左右開倉做「Hedge」,而當時油價大約為US$125。詳細做法應該是:
1) 沽出低行使價(Strike)的石油Put Option (e.g. Strike = US$120)
2) 從(1)獲取「Premium」,再將此現金流購入行使價較高的「Call Option」(e.g. Strike US$130)
3) 同時間國泰在日常營運有購入燃油的需要,油價上升對其不利。換句說話是等同一個「看空油價的投機者」,因此有需要進行對沖
Along with many airlines, Cathay Pacific enters into hedging contracts the economic effect of which is equivalent to entitling:
(i) Cathay Pacific to buy fuel from the contract counterparties in future periods at specified prices and
(ii) the contract counterparties to sell fuel to Cathay Pacific in future periods at specified prices.
In any one hedging contract, the price at which Cathay Pacific is effectively entitled to buy fuel will be considerably higher than that at which the counterparty is effectively entitled to sell fuel.
可能出現的情況:
1) 如果油價上升 --> Long Call Option的利潤會抵消燃油成本上升的營運虧損
2) 如果油價下跌 --> Sell Put Option的虧損會與燃油成本下降騰出的營運盈利互相抵消
3) 如果油價不升不跌 --> 亦無盈利或虧損
換句說話,國泰能夠以此策略鎖定燃油成本。若然對沖的部位不超過預期的用量,期權對沖策略根本只是審慎的風險管理,正如國泰所言:
The grant to counterparties of effective rights to sell fuel reduces materially the cost to Cathay Pacific of hedging against increases in fuel prices. Depending on future movements in the spot fuel price, the effect of the relevant hedging contracts is that Cathay Pacific’s future effective cost of obtaining fuel could be higher than they would have been if Cathay Pacific had not entered into them. It is Cathay Pacific's policy not to enter into hedging contracts which in the aggregate relate to volumes which exceed its expected commercial requirements for fuel.
下一個問題是國泰能否受惠於不斷下跌的油價? 筆者可以好負責任咁講,答案是肯定的,多年內一直有留意國泰的朋友不難察覺管理層通常只是「對沖一年用油量的一部份」。唔信? 計俾您睇吧:
Hedge Loss from Sell Put Option = HK$2,800M
Estimated Net Premium Income = US$200M
Oil Strike Price = US$125
Oil Price at 31 Oct 08 = US$67
Estimated No. of Barrel Hedged = (2,800 + 200)/(125 - 67) / 7.8 = 6.6M Barrels
Estimated Annual Oil Usage = 35M to 40M Barrels
Hedge Ratio = 16.5% to 18.9%
換句說話,國泰只是部份對沖用油量(一如既往),因此國泰將會受惠於不斷下跌的油價,當然營業收入有下跌風險。又退一步棋,股價HK$8.08的「P/B值」僅為0.69倍,可能還低於1998和2003的危機時期之估值
無論如何,又一次証明各大財經傳媒的質素每況日下,若然不是成為驚弓之鳥.......
---------------------------------------------------
Trading Statement/Profit Warning/Issue of Price Sensitive Information
The financial results of Cathay Pacific Airways Limited ("Cathay Pacific") for 2008 are expected to be disappointing. Fuel prices have fallen substantially and this provides welcome relief. However, two other factors are expected to affect the year's results adversely. These factors are weakness in revenue and losses on certain fuel hedging contracts.
Background
This trading statement is released in the light of material changes in the trading environment for Cathay Pacific since its interim results for the first half of 2008 were announced on 6th August 2008. At that time, Cathay Pacific’s results continued to be materially and adversely affected by the high price of fuel. The average price paid by Cathay Pacific for fuel in the first half of 2008 was 60% above that paid in the first half of 2007. At its peak in July 2008, the spot price for jet fuel was US$181.8 per barrel. Since then the spot price has fallen to US$76.7 per barrel. This provides welcome relief. However, two other factors are expected to affect the year’s results adversely, and they are accordingly still expected to be disappointing. These factors are weakness in revenue and losses on certain fuel hedging contracts.
Weakness in revenue
Revenue has started to weaken materially. This reflects in particular a significant strengthening of the US dollar (against currencies in which Cathay Pacific earns a significant portion of its revenue) and reduced first and business class travel and cargo volumes in the current adverse financial and economic circumstances.
Adverse currency movements are expected to reduce passenger revenues in Hong Kong dollar terms for the remainder of 2008. First and business class advance bookings are showing year-on-year declines, while available capacity has increased. Corporate travel volumes in all classes are of concern as corporate clients begin to impose stricter travel policies on their employees. Demand for economy class seats is also weaker than earlier in the year.
The most recent figures for cargo volumes and revenues show declines against the comparable period in 2007. Continued declines are expected for the remainder of 2008, reflecting increased competition, overcapacity and, to a lesser extent, adverse currency movements.
The full impact of the expansion of Taiwan-Mainland China cross-strait flights remains to be seen, but can be expected to put additional pressure on passenger and cargo revenues.
Losses on fuel hedging contracts
The purpose of entering into fuel hedging contracts (principally in the form of Brent options) is to give a degree of certainty to the price of fuel and protection against price increases. Under accounting principles generally accepted in Hong Kong, fuel hedging contracts are marked to market through the profit and loss account. The effect of marking these contracts to market is to transfer to the current accounting period the fair value of the benefit gained or loss incurred from the contracts.
The recent rapid fall in the jet fuel price has caused mark to market losses to be incurred on certain fuel hedging contracts. Along with many airlines, Cathay Pacific enters into hedging contracts the economic effect of which is equivalent to entitling (i) Cathay Pacific to buy fuel from the contract counterparties in future periods at specified prices and (ii) the contract counterparties to sell fuel to Cathay Pacific in future periods at specified prices. In any one hedging contract, the price at which Cathay Pacific is effectively entitled to buy fuel will be considerably higher than that at which the counterparty is effectively entitled to sell fuel.
The grant to counterparties of effective rights to sell fuel reduces materially the cost to Cathay Pacific of hedging against increases in fuel prices. Depending on future movements in the spot fuel price, the effect of the relevant hedging contracts is that Cathay Pacific's future effective cost of obtaining fuel could be higher than they would have been if Cathay Pacific had not entered into them. It is Cathay Pacific’s policy not to enter into hedging contracts which in the aggregate relate to volumes which exceed its expected commercial requirements for fuel.
The fuel price has fallen below the level at which certain contract counterparties will be effectively entitled to sell fuel at certain future dates up to 2011. Cathay Pacific is required to account for the fair value of the difference between the spot price of fuel and the price at which the counterparties are effectively entitled to sell in future periods as mark to market losses. The result is a mismatch, in that the full benefit of paying lower fuel prices for the hedged fuel will only arise in future periods. Unrealised mark to market losses on fuel hedging contracts incurred by Cathay Pacific as at 31st October 2008 are estimated to be HK$2.8 billion. The unrealised mark to market losses at the end of September were HK$630 million. It is important to note that these are not cash losses. The amount of losses actually realised and payable will depend on future movements in fuel prices. Up to 31st October 2008, net realised gains on fuel hedging contracts were HK$150 million.
To set the 31st October 2008 mark to market figure in context, Cathay Pacific's total expenditure on fuel in 2008 is expected to be around HK$40 billion (and, if jet fuel prices had remained at their July peak, would have been around HK$47 billion).
Investors are advised to exercise caution in dealing in shares of Cathay Pacific.
1) 受經濟轉壞影響,頭等和商務訂位的下降,以及近月貨運量按年下跌
2) 兩岸三通所帶來的潛在營業額下降
3) 燃油成本對沖虧蝕,按市價計(MTM)截至10月31日的對沖虧蝕達HK$2,800M。
頭兩項不是甚麼新聞,市場若然不是已經「計晒數」就是「計凸數」。有趣的當然是第三項,各位未被各大財經傳媒的頭條「駭壞」之前,最好還是了解一下其中的「來龍去脈」。
假設甚麼也不懂,只要明白「對沖(Hedge)」的意思就行,對沖是審慎的風險管理,而非高風險的投機。
以石油市場為例,投機者(Speculation)可能買入「Call Option」或者是「Long Futures」來進行看好油價的投機。
與前者不同,大量使用燃油的航空公司只會擔心油價上升的風險,因此會進行期權對沖(Ooption Hedge)來減低成本風險。
估計國泰於7月31日左右開倉做「Hedge」,而當時油價大約為US$125。詳細做法應該是:
1) 沽出低行使價(Strike)的石油Put Option (e.g. Strike = US$120)
2) 從(1)獲取「Premium」,再將此現金流購入行使價較高的「Call Option」(e.g. Strike US$130)
3) 同時間國泰在日常營運有購入燃油的需要,油價上升對其不利。換句說話是等同一個「看空油價的投機者」,因此有需要進行對沖
Along with many airlines, Cathay Pacific enters into hedging contracts the economic effect of which is equivalent to entitling:
(i) Cathay Pacific to buy fuel from the contract counterparties in future periods at specified prices and
(ii) the contract counterparties to sell fuel to Cathay Pacific in future periods at specified prices.
In any one hedging contract, the price at which Cathay Pacific is effectively entitled to buy fuel will be considerably higher than that at which the counterparty is effectively entitled to sell fuel.
可能出現的情況:
1) 如果油價上升 --> Long Call Option的利潤會抵消燃油成本上升的營運虧損
2) 如果油價下跌 --> Sell Put Option的虧損會與燃油成本下降騰出的營運盈利互相抵消
3) 如果油價不升不跌 --> 亦無盈利或虧損
換句說話,國泰能夠以此策略鎖定燃油成本。若然對沖的部位不超過預期的用量,期權對沖策略根本只是審慎的風險管理,正如國泰所言:
The grant to counterparties of effective rights to sell fuel reduces materially the cost to Cathay Pacific of hedging against increases in fuel prices. Depending on future movements in the spot fuel price, the effect of the relevant hedging contracts is that Cathay Pacific’s future effective cost of obtaining fuel could be higher than they would have been if Cathay Pacific had not entered into them. It is Cathay Pacific's policy not to enter into hedging contracts which in the aggregate relate to volumes which exceed its expected commercial requirements for fuel.
下一個問題是國泰能否受惠於不斷下跌的油價? 筆者可以好負責任咁講,答案是肯定的,多年內一直有留意國泰的朋友不難察覺管理層通常只是「對沖一年用油量的一部份」。唔信? 計俾您睇吧:
Hedge Loss from Sell Put Option = HK$2,800M
Estimated Net Premium Income = US$200M
Oil Strike Price = US$125
Oil Price at 31 Oct 08 = US$67
Estimated No. of Barrel Hedged = (2,800 + 200)/(125 - 67) / 7.8 = 6.6M Barrels
Estimated Annual Oil Usage = 35M to 40M Barrels
Hedge Ratio = 16.5% to 18.9%
換句說話,國泰只是部份對沖用油量(一如既往),因此國泰將會受惠於不斷下跌的油價,當然營業收入有下跌風險。又退一步棋,股價HK$8.08的「P/B值」僅為0.69倍,可能還低於1998和2003的危機時期之估值
無論如何,又一次証明各大財經傳媒的質素每況日下,若然不是成為驚弓之鳥.......
---------------------------------------------------
Trading Statement/Profit Warning/Issue of Price Sensitive Information
The financial results of Cathay Pacific Airways Limited ("Cathay Pacific") for 2008 are expected to be disappointing. Fuel prices have fallen substantially and this provides welcome relief. However, two other factors are expected to affect the year's results adversely. These factors are weakness in revenue and losses on certain fuel hedging contracts.
Background
This trading statement is released in the light of material changes in the trading environment for Cathay Pacific since its interim results for the first half of 2008 were announced on 6th August 2008. At that time, Cathay Pacific’s results continued to be materially and adversely affected by the high price of fuel. The average price paid by Cathay Pacific for fuel in the first half of 2008 was 60% above that paid in the first half of 2007. At its peak in July 2008, the spot price for jet fuel was US$181.8 per barrel. Since then the spot price has fallen to US$76.7 per barrel. This provides welcome relief. However, two other factors are expected to affect the year’s results adversely, and they are accordingly still expected to be disappointing. These factors are weakness in revenue and losses on certain fuel hedging contracts.
Weakness in revenue
Revenue has started to weaken materially. This reflects in particular a significant strengthening of the US dollar (against currencies in which Cathay Pacific earns a significant portion of its revenue) and reduced first and business class travel and cargo volumes in the current adverse financial and economic circumstances.
Adverse currency movements are expected to reduce passenger revenues in Hong Kong dollar terms for the remainder of 2008. First and business class advance bookings are showing year-on-year declines, while available capacity has increased. Corporate travel volumes in all classes are of concern as corporate clients begin to impose stricter travel policies on their employees. Demand for economy class seats is also weaker than earlier in the year.
The most recent figures for cargo volumes and revenues show declines against the comparable period in 2007. Continued declines are expected for the remainder of 2008, reflecting increased competition, overcapacity and, to a lesser extent, adverse currency movements.
The full impact of the expansion of Taiwan-Mainland China cross-strait flights remains to be seen, but can be expected to put additional pressure on passenger and cargo revenues.
Losses on fuel hedging contracts
The purpose of entering into fuel hedging contracts (principally in the form of Brent options) is to give a degree of certainty to the price of fuel and protection against price increases. Under accounting principles generally accepted in Hong Kong, fuel hedging contracts are marked to market through the profit and loss account. The effect of marking these contracts to market is to transfer to the current accounting period the fair value of the benefit gained or loss incurred from the contracts.
The recent rapid fall in the jet fuel price has caused mark to market losses to be incurred on certain fuel hedging contracts. Along with many airlines, Cathay Pacific enters into hedging contracts the economic effect of which is equivalent to entitling (i) Cathay Pacific to buy fuel from the contract counterparties in future periods at specified prices and (ii) the contract counterparties to sell fuel to Cathay Pacific in future periods at specified prices. In any one hedging contract, the price at which Cathay Pacific is effectively entitled to buy fuel will be considerably higher than that at which the counterparty is effectively entitled to sell fuel.
The grant to counterparties of effective rights to sell fuel reduces materially the cost to Cathay Pacific of hedging against increases in fuel prices. Depending on future movements in the spot fuel price, the effect of the relevant hedging contracts is that Cathay Pacific's future effective cost of obtaining fuel could be higher than they would have been if Cathay Pacific had not entered into them. It is Cathay Pacific’s policy not to enter into hedging contracts which in the aggregate relate to volumes which exceed its expected commercial requirements for fuel.
The fuel price has fallen below the level at which certain contract counterparties will be effectively entitled to sell fuel at certain future dates up to 2011. Cathay Pacific is required to account for the fair value of the difference between the spot price of fuel and the price at which the counterparties are effectively entitled to sell in future periods as mark to market losses. The result is a mismatch, in that the full benefit of paying lower fuel prices for the hedged fuel will only arise in future periods. Unrealised mark to market losses on fuel hedging contracts incurred by Cathay Pacific as at 31st October 2008 are estimated to be HK$2.8 billion. The unrealised mark to market losses at the end of September were HK$630 million. It is important to note that these are not cash losses. The amount of losses actually realised and payable will depend on future movements in fuel prices. Up to 31st October 2008, net realised gains on fuel hedging contracts were HK$150 million.
To set the 31st October 2008 mark to market figure in context, Cathay Pacific's total expenditure on fuel in 2008 is expected to be around HK$40 billion (and, if jet fuel prices had remained at their July peak, would have been around HK$47 billion).
Investors are advised to exercise caution in dealing in shares of Cathay Pacific.
星期四, 11月 06, 2008
星期三, 11月 05, 2008
歴史循環: 回到1992年
奧巴馬(Barack Obama)的大比數勝利,亦暗示一個新的時代的開始。不對,應說是新的時代已經開始了:
1) 強美元
2) 商品漫長的大熊市 (註: 西方國家主要是以「通血管」的方式救活金融體系,而非胡亂大量發鈔)
3) 美股否極泰來的機會不細
4) 大洗牌後,將會是環球大型優質企業的遊戲
5) 市場偏向重質而不重量
6) 「De-Leveraging」和「Simplicity」將會是環球金融業的趨勢
7) 市場重價值和息率多於高增長(質素和可持續性仍是大前題)
還是套用奧巴馬的名句: 「Change We Need」。話時話,環球市場和政經大局不正是每刻在轉變中?
1) 強美元
2) 商品漫長的大熊市 (註: 西方國家主要是以「通血管」的方式救活金融體系,而非胡亂大量發鈔)
3) 美股否極泰來的機會不細
4) 大洗牌後,將會是環球大型優質企業的遊戲
5) 市場偏向重質而不重量
6) 「De-Leveraging」和「Simplicity」將會是環球金融業的趨勢
7) 市場重價值和息率多於高增長(質素和可持續性仍是大前題)
還是套用奧巴馬的名句: 「Change We Need」。話時話,環球市場和政經大局不正是每刻在轉變中?
星期日, 11月 02, 2008
證監會提提你
老土還老土,但是夠晒直截了當。孖展買賣(Margin Trading)風險高,股票掛鈎產品(ELI)不一定保本,睇錯市會虧本(2008年版: Accumulator會搞到破產)。
證監會廣告 - 牛篇 (1997)
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=NoAHT7sos08)
SFC Commercial - Learn Before Investment
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=Byy8JxSkCAE&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 以孖展買賣股票風險比較高
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=JY8j1ZOmJlE&feature=related)
證監會提提你-經紀行有權斬孖展倉
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=a-AnIsJ06e0&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 買股票不可以單看股價
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIhJ3BYYgrk&feature=related)
證監會提提你-買股票切忌盲目跟風
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=WC8gQeF2JVI&feature=related)
證監會提提你-投資新股不一定賺
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=CCy5rulJJEw&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 股票掛鈎產品不一定保本,睇錯市會虧本,而且潛在回報通常會預設上限
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=5uJb-7QZ2CE&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 經證監會審批的股票掛鈎產品會列明條款和風險
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=FAZPl0sPLuI&feature=related)
證監會廣告 - 牛篇 (1997)
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=NoAHT7sos08)
SFC Commercial - Learn Before Investment
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=Byy8JxSkCAE&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 以孖展買賣股票風險比較高
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=JY8j1ZOmJlE&feature=related)
證監會提提你-經紀行有權斬孖展倉
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=a-AnIsJ06e0&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 買股票不可以單看股價
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIhJ3BYYgrk&feature=related)
證監會提提你-買股票切忌盲目跟風
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=WC8gQeF2JVI&feature=related)
證監會提提你-投資新股不一定賺
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=CCy5rulJJEw&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 股票掛鈎產品不一定保本,睇錯市會虧本,而且潛在回報通常會預設上限
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=5uJb-7QZ2CE&feature=related)
證監會提提你 - 經證監會審批的股票掛鈎產品會列明條款和風險
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=FAZPl0sPLuI&feature=related)
星期六, 11月 01, 2008
股市爛Gag
Gag還Gag,但有幾合乎現實環境:
你鍾意燈神個名, 俾你攞去
玩股票je, 唔駛輸身家既
爛市有爛市既玩法
買股票係買嬴個隻股票, 唔係為左睇人隻股票
如果你咁鍾意睇股票, 去E-Bay買幾張雷曼股票俾你睇到夠
呢個世界冇D唔爆既路, 甚麼大路/小路係D人諗長出黎呃人
只有長莊/長閒先至可信,我地等
呢D市況要平均落注,追到長閒(長莊), 千祈唔好磨爛席
靈感來源 (6分鐘後):
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=5mtm6f-4YF0&feature=related)
你鍾意燈神個名, 俾你攞去
玩股票je, 唔駛輸身家既
爛市有爛市既玩法
買股票係買嬴個隻股票, 唔係為左睇人隻股票
如果你咁鍾意睇股票, 去E-Bay買幾張雷曼股票俾你睇到夠
呢個世界冇D唔爆既路, 甚麼大路/小路係D人諗長出黎呃人
只有長莊/長閒先至可信,我地等
呢D市況要平均落注,追到長閒(長莊), 千祈唔好磨爛席
靈感來源 (6分鐘後):
(http://hk.youtube.com/watch?v=5mtm6f-4YF0&feature=related)
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